TY - GEN
AU - Hans Hersbach
AB - Near the surface, it is commonly believed that the behaviour of the (turbulent) atmospheric flow can be well described by a constant stress layer. In the case of a neutrally stratified surface layer, this leads to the wellknown logarithmic wind profile that determines the relation between near-surface wind speed and magnitude of stress. The profile is set by a surface roughness length, which, over the ocean surface, is not constant, but depends on the underlying (ocean-wave) sea state. At ECMWF, this relation is parametrized in terms of surface stress itself, where the scale is set by kinematic viscosity for light wind and a Charnock parameter for strong wind. For given wind speed at a given height, the determination of the relation between surface wind and stress (expressed by a drag coefficient), leads to an implicit equation that is to be solved in an iterative way. In this document a fit is presented that directly expresses the neutral drag coefficient and surface roughness in terms of wind speed, without the need for iteration. Since the fit is formulated in purely dimensionless quantities, it is able to produce accurate results over a wide range for wind speed, level height and values for the Charnock parameter.
BT - ECMWF Technical Memoranda
DA - 07/2010
DO - 10.21957/hcgkicamg
LA - eng
M1 - 630
N2 - Near the surface, it is commonly believed that the behaviour of the (turbulent) atmospheric flow can be well described by a constant stress layer. In the case of a neutrally stratified surface layer, this leads to the wellknown logarithmic wind profile that determines the relation between near-surface wind speed and magnitude of stress. The profile is set by a surface roughness length, which, over the ocean surface, is not constant, but depends on the underlying (ocean-wave) sea state. At ECMWF, this relation is parametrized in terms of surface stress itself, where the scale is set by kinematic viscosity for light wind and a Charnock parameter for strong wind. For given wind speed at a given height, the determination of the relation between surface wind and stress (expressed by a drag coefficient), leads to an implicit equation that is to be solved in an iterative way. In this document a fit is presented that directly expresses the neutral drag coefficient and surface roughness in terms of wind speed, without the need for iteration. Since the fit is formulated in purely dimensionless quantities, it is able to produce accurate results over a wide range for wind speed, level height and values for the Charnock parameter.
PB - ECMWF
PY - 2010
EP - 6
T2 - ECMWF Technical Memoranda
TI - Sea-surface roughness and drag coefficient as function of neutral wind speed
UR - https://www.ecmwf.int/node/9875
ER -